Multi Label Semantic Relation Classification - 1378 Words

Multi-label Semantic Relation Classification Between Pair of Nominals Kartik Dhiwar, PG Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SSGI, SSTC, Bhilai (CG), India kartikdhiwar21@gmail.com Abhishek Kumar Dewangan Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SSGI, SSTC, Bhilai (CG), India abhishek.dew2006@gmail.com Abstract: Relation classification is a keynote in the field of Natu-ral Language Processing (NLP) to mine information from text facing problems of over-reliance on the standard of handcrafted features. Features annotated by specialists and lin-guistic data derived from linguistic analysis modules is expen-sive and ends up with the difficulty of error propagation. Rela-tion extraction plays a crucial role in extracting struc-tured data from unstructured sources like raw text. One might want to seek out interactions between medicines to create medical information or extract relationships among people to create a simply searchable knowledgebase. We propose a deep Convolutional Neural Network model for the multi-label text relation classification task without hand crafted features. This model outperforms the best existing model as per our knowledge without depending much o n manually engineered features with the small updates in the loss function applied. Index Terms – Relation Classification, Features, Label, Convolutional Neural Network, Information Extraction. . 1. INTRODUCTION Natural Language Processing tasks are now applicable toShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Rsa And Mvp Classification Analysis And The New Information1392 Words   |  6 Pages1.1 What is representational similarity analysis? Representational similarity analysis (RSA) is an analysis framework builds on a rich psychological and mathematical literature, in which multi-channel measures of neural activity are quantitatively related to each other and to computational theory and behavior by comparing RDMs. RDM is the representational dissimilarity matrix, which contains a cell for each pair of experimental conditions. Each cell is a number reflecting the dissimilarityRead MoreWhat Is A Hybrid Approach For Label Classification Using Multi-Supervised Learning System1821 Words   |  8 PagesHybrid Approach for Document Classification Using Semi-supervised Learning Technique Ms. Sayali A. Dolas Department of Computer Engineering MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi Savitribai Phule Pune University sayalidolas5193@gmail.com Dr. Shitalkumar A. Jain Department of Computer Engineering MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi Savitribai Phule Pune University sajain@comp.maepune.ac.in Abstract— Multi-label classification is a significant machine learning job where one allots a subset of candidateRead MoreSubjective Test Assessment Of Online Exams1474 Words   |  6 Pagessubjective test assessment. In this, the answers are unstructured data which have to be evaluated. The evaluation is based on the semantic similarity between the model answer and the user answer. Different techniques are compared and a new approach is proposed to evaluate the subjective test assessment of text. Index terms: Subjective test assessment; Online examinations; Semantic Similarity; Evaluation. I. INTRODUCTION Although assessment is a tough job, but it can be helpful by making it computerizedRead MoreDatabase Security28570 Words   |  115 PagesClark and Wilson Model 2.6 A Final Note on Database Security Models 3. Multilevel Secure Prototypes and Systems 3.1 SeaView 3.2 Lock Data Views 3.3 ASD_Views 4. Conceptual Data Model for Multilevel Security 4.1 Concepts of Security Semantics 4.2 Classification Constraints 4.3 Consistency and Conflict Management 4.4 Modeling the Example Application 5. Standardization and Evaluation Efforts 6. Future Directions in Database Security Research 7. Conclusions References 1. Introduction InformationRead MoreEvaluation And Workflow Design And Quality Assessment1919 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough crowdsourcing has been successfully applied in many fields in the past decades, challenges still exist especially in task/workflow design and quality assessment. We take a deeper look at crowdsourcing classification tasks, and explore how task and workflow design can impact the answer quality. Our research is intended to use large knowledge base and citizen science projects as examples and investigate the workflow design considerations and its impact on worker performance as well as overallRead MoreBourdieu What Makes A Social Class7818 Words   |  32 Pagescan be roughly characterized as follows. From the objectivist point of view, social agents can be treated as things, as in the old Durkheimian precept, that is, classified like objects: access to the objective classification presupposes here a break with naive subjective classifications, which are. seen as prenotions or ideologies. From the subjectivist point of view, as represented by phenomenology, ethnomethodology and constructivist sociology, agents construct social reality, which is itselfRead MoreRainyday Insurance Adjusters Company7260 Words   |  30 Pagesargues that there is a difference between the traditional understanding of measurement in the natural sciences and Steven‟s definition. The first pertains to „the discovery of real numeric relations (ratios) between things (magnitudes of attributes), and not the attempt to construct conventional numerical relations where they do not otherwise exist‟ (Mitchell, 1999, p. 17, cited in Balnaves Caputi, 2001). Accordingly, the two main tasks of quantitative science are to (1) make sure that the attributeRead MoreBrand Image10222 Words   |  41 Pagesscale or a semantic differential scale (the most used scale in the Marketing literature). The former is onedimensional, the latter is multi-dimensional (see e.g., Borg Groenen, 2005). Nowadays some scholars (e.g., Cian, 2007; Low Lamb, 2000) consider semantic differential scales particularly suitable t o explore the brand image. Golden, Albaum and Zimmer (1987) categorised three different types of semantic differential scales that can be applied to brand analysis: the Traditional Semantic DifferentialRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16651 Words   |  67 Pages 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to social environment. The impact of advertising on the modern world is increasing and thus became a major area of study from a broad multidisciplinary approach. Sociology and psychology attempt to find possible ways of its influence on society,Read MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16638 Words   |  67 PagesAdvertising 39 3.4. Speech Acts in Advertising 41 3.5. Conclusion 44 Conclusion 46 Bibliography 49 Appendix 52 Introduction The subject of this research is the analysis of the language of advertising and its relation to social environment. The impact of advertising on the modern world is increasing and thus became a major area of study from a broad multidisciplinary approach. Sociology and psychology attempt to find possible ways of its influence on society,

The Modern Slavery that is Taking Place in our World Today

â€Å"Slavery occurs when one person controls another person, using violence or the threat of violence to maintain that control, exploits them economically, pays them nothing and they cannot walk away.† In 1865, slavery was abolished here in the United States. It states in the thirteen amendment that, â€Å"neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.† Although slavery was abolished there are twenty-seven million people in modern day slavery, around the world because of human trafficking in the forms of bonded labor, forced labor, and sexual exploitation. The first type of human trafficking is bonded labor. Bonded labor is when a person uses their labor as a payment for a loan. When someone receives a loan they are unable to pay back, they are then forced to work for the person they are in debt to in order to pay back the loan. In bonded labor, people are tricked into working seven days a week with no pay. After a period of time, the labor becomes more intense and the level of violence is greater than at the beginning of their time of work. This slave is not allowed to work for anyone else and is often placed under surveillance. The slave owner draws out the debt and it is sometimes passed down throughout generations. A woman tells of her situation while in bonded labor, â€Å"Balbinerkaur, along with her husband and twoShow MoreRelatedSummary : The Slave Next Door1501 Words   |  7 PagesPhuc Nguyen CRN: 10535 09/17/15 Today’s slavery is one of the most diabolical strains to emerge in the thousands of years in which humans have been enslaving their fellows. In the modern global society, there are not just only one kind of human race that specifically victim of human traffic, today it come in all races, all types, and all ethnicities, which became the â€Å"Equal Opportunity Slavery† that Bales and Soodalter were mentioned in their book, The Slave Next Door. It is proving itself to beRead MoreSlavery : A African American Slave1518 Words   |  7 Pagesslave. We look at slavery as a whole picture most of the time and don’t give very much thought to the political, economic, and racial factors that influence slavery, even in modern time. Of course, we know that slavery in the 1800’s was extremely racial in that only blacks were enslaved. However, looking at the statistics as we talk about slavery, it has become widely apparent to me that slavery is largely associated with s pecific races as well as economic status. In today’s world there are also otherRead MoreSex Trafficking : An Important Social Issue That Affects Vulnerable People1482 Words   |  6 PagesLastName 1 Firstname Lastname Professor Maritato Introduction to Speech - Comm V01 Sex Trafficking General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: By the end of my speech, the audience should be able to explain what sex trafficking is and how it takes place domestically and abroad. Central Idea: Sex trafficking is an important social issue that affects vulnerable people. Introduction: When K. was 14 years old, she fell in love with her horseback riding instructor. She dreamed that they would be in loveRead MoreThe Slave Next Door: Human Trafficking in out Backyard1456 Words   |  6 Pagesbig chunk of the trafficking problem in America but in reading the book The Slave Next Door you can see that there are different types of work for human trafficking. One of the unique and underrated types of trafficking is in the type of domestic slavery. This type of trafficking is not as popular for gangs and other trafficking organizations because it is more along the lines of saving money than making money. The story in The Slave Next Door of Ruth the 52 year old West-African woman who now livesRead MoreSlavery And The Slave Trade1436 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery has been documented and has been part of the world for a very extensive time. Slaves as well-defined by numerous of individual’s state that slaves were a group of individuals who were legally bought and soon after, became the property of an owner and were forced to obey. No one knows when s lavery actually came about, but we do know that it existed. So this being said, today I will be talking about the slave trade, comparing the differences of being an African slave and American slave, asRead MoreThe Problem Of Slavery During The 19th Century1349 Words   |  6 Pageswe don’t hear about it or see it everyday doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist. Slavery is still around today.To be slaved you have to be owned by a person and that person can make you whatever they want and they will not get in trouble because they are in charge of you. You are the slave they are the owner, there is no if, and, or, but about it. Statistic show that. â€Å"An estimated 29.8 million people live in modern slavery today.† Slaves are focused to do many things that they never would want to doRead MoreThe Violent And Perverse System Of Human Trafficking1198 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery has been around for ages. There has always been someone forcing others to do their will. But slavery drags on in modern times, especially tod ay. Modern day slavery, otherwise known as human trafficking, is defined by Encyclopedia Britannica as â€Å"...the illegal transport of individuals by force or deception for the purpose of labor, sexual exploitation, or activities in which others benefit financially† (â€Å"Human†). Slavery is not an issue of the past. It has waxed and waned throughout historyRead MoreThe Anglican Clergy By Morgan Godwyn1476 Words   |  6 PagesAfricans. The writer thought Africans needed to be fully accepted members of the Christian faith by being baptized. However, others believed in the hope that Africans were exposed to a religious life that reflected the Christian faith traditions post slavery. In which also included before the existence of colonialism. Africans were perhaps practicing Christianity forms of religion. I suppose that spiritual forms of Christianity might have been a long history in the African tradition that might pre-dateRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Defined As A Form Of Modern Slavery Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesform of modern slavery, in which victims are often either forced, coerced, or fooled by false promises for the purposes of labor or sexual exploitation (citation). Human trafficking has continued to flourish in the 21st century due largely to globalization, natural disasters and crises, and the lack of a united effort to address this issue. Globalization has enabled traffickers to contact interested parties worldwide efficiently and at a low-cost. Victims can be transported across the world with theRead MoreThe Is Not Destroying American Culture1219 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans today thrive in a culture obsessed with proving honesty, yet riddled with falsehoods. Through the constant barrage of social media and new technology, opportunities to lie have grown exponentially, and ways to catch someone in the act have only been amplified. However, this is not all new to Americans. Since the birth of this nation, up to the present, and for the foreseeable future, the dance around truth and lie will continue. Everyone is a liar, but nobody wants to be called one. Contrary

Most Admired Person free essay sample

Do you have any person that you admire most in your life? I’m sure that the so-called admiration characteristic is a natural instinct for every human being. Whenever something or someone that fit our appetites feasts into our eyes, we surely will come into an action which is known as admiration. We might completely or partially transform in the way whereby our admired persons do. Therefore logically, all of us should have the most admired person in recesses of our hearts. There is no exception for me as well. Indeed, I always admire a well-know British female author. She wrote novels and a few articles which sold more than 400 million copies worldwide and had won multiple awards such as British Children’s Book of the Year (1998 and 1999), Nestle Smarties Book Prize (1997, 1998 and 1999) and so on. In addition, one of her novel series had been basis for a popular film series which starring by Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint. We will write a custom essay sample on Most Admired Person or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Well, I guess you all surely recognize this author. Yes, she is the author for the famous Harry Potter series, J. K. Rowling. I admire her not just only because of her success, but also involve some reasons. Have you ever heard about her â€Å"rags to riches† life story? She started to write this novel when she was on a four-hour-delayed train trip from  Manchester  to London in 1990. The idea for a story of a young boy attending a school of wizardry came fully formed into her mind at that time. However, the sudden death of her mother due to multiple sclerosis had heavily affected her writing. As you look through the Harry Potter first book, you will find out that she introduced much more detail about Harrys loss, because she knew about how it felt. Her marriage had failed once and by that time, she became a jobless single mom with a dependent child. She even had to survive on state welfare support. She described her failure as a stripping away of inessential. However as the saying goes, â€Å"when there’s a will, there’s a way. † Soon the â€Å"Harry Potter† series become popular around the world, she become twelfth richest woman in United Kingdom. Her life story showed that â€Å"rags to riches† is always possible to achieve as long as there is a strong will and hard work in our souls. In order to attain success in our lives, we should be braver and not easily given up in which shown by her nature. â€Å"Anything’s possible if you got enough nerve,† she said. Therefore, we should go for it but not in reckless manner and grab any opportunities that knock our doors to avoid crying over the spilt milk. Furthermore, when we step upon this journey of life, we always must come across with choices in life. At first, I quite confused and wondered about the choices I need to make and scared if I have made a wrong decision. Nevertheless, the quotes by Rowling herself had inspired me in different ways. One of her quote is â€Å"It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might have well not have lived at all, in which case you have failed by default. † And the other is â€Å"It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities. † Out of the blue, I realized about what she had said. We should never afraid to make decisions as without failure we cannot gain life experiences. Failure is always the path which leads to success. Moreover, the choices we have made are showing who we are. In other words, we have to be honest to ourselves and not self-deceiving. Life is painful and yet meaningful journey. Choices that we made will lead us to different paths and at there we will learn essential life lessons. â€Å"Imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision that which is not, and therefore the fount of all invention and innovation. In its arguably most transformative and revelatory capacity, it is the power to that enables us to empathize with humans whose experiences we have never shared. She quoted. This is also a reason why I admire her. In fact, I love to imagine and hoping that I can produce my own fantasy novel just like her. Imagination is not only part of my life, but it also comforts me and gives me more visions. In directly, I can try to feel the experience which I never been through. I also can share my joy and tears by expressing them through imagination. Of course, imaginations need to be written down or drawn out to become permanent thing. As life is quite dull, imagination is the only way I seek for endurance and satisfaction. In short, J. K Rowling has her own special personality which influences me in many aspects. Her â€Å"Harry Potter† series has motivated me to move further and take the first step. As a matter of fact, I start to conceive a storyline for fantasy novel. In the future, I might be able to publish my novel to worldwide although I am now pursuing the pharmacy career. However, do not afraid to take actions, so just step forward. I will always refer to her personality and learn her attitude towards life in order to become a real man. By that time, my success is within my reach and that will be my precious moment!

The traditional management accounting system mas has many limitations Essay Example For Students

The traditional management accounting system mas has many limitations Essay The traditional direction accounting system ( MAS ) has many restrictions to the current MAS as it is non to the full applicable to utilize presently due to the complexness of costing, and alterations in the engineerings. In Kaplan A ; Johnson unfavorable judgments, directors rely to a great extent on monthly direction studies to cut down costs and increase productiveness but non on the measure and quality steps. Therefore, MAS failed to command on the operations degree. Monthly studies are used to take for short-termism alternatively of long-termism. Furthermore, MAS unable to apportion production cost accurately because labor costs are being emphasised. Fiscal costing are being precedences therefore MAS unable to develop much. In 1990s, residuary income ( RI ) and the return on investing ( ROI ) have been developed to mensurate the company s public presentation and improved the reverses. We will write a custom essay on The traditional management accounting system mas has many limitations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now ROI step the return of investing in every division. The composing of ROI consists of the operating ratio and stock bend ( gross revenues to assets ) . However, every division is accountable for the cost of capital investing and the profitableness of it is owns divisional. MAS focuses on the divisional net incomes whereas, ROI focuses on chance and the return of capital of the divisional. One of the job is directors will waive investings or cut down costs by aiming on the short-termism to increase ROI. Furthermore, comparings are done on the public presentations of the divisions alternatively of historical public presentation on the division. RI is derived from ROI. RI is the net income after subtracting the capital charge of the investing. However, this attack had been rejected because ROI has more fiscal informations to describe to the stockholders. Besides, other models started to developed and better the unfavorable judgment of the traditional MAS as it focus on the past informa tion which unlikely to do determinations. Development of public presentation theoretical accounts. Economic Added Value ( EVA ) is developed in 1990s which is the option of RI and ROI. EVA is calculated as the net operating net incomes after revenue enhancements minus the cost and disbursals included the debt, equity and the cost of capital. ( Abdeen, A. A ; Haight, G. 2002 ) The map of EVA is to mensurate the economic net income . ( Griffth, J. 2004 ) EVA measures the stockholders value indirectly mensurating the company s value and an index of the stock public presentation of the company. ( Johnson S. A ; Bamber M. 2007 ) Manager s determination will act upon the EVA value and besides the director s inducements. ( Johnson S. A ; Bamber M. 2007 ) In ROI, short term consequences are being emphasised and consequences are being step among the divisional public presentation nevertheless, in EVA consequences are being measured on the company s values and emphasise on the short and long term consequences which is one of the redresss suggested by Kaplan and Johnson. EVA users can acquire higher returns than other non users. ( Kleiman ( 1999 ) and Ehrbar s ( 1999 ) citied in Griffth, J. 2004 ) However, some research worker have done researched on the adoptive parents of EVA argues it will underachieve the companies and neither a utile index for the company s public presentation. ( Griffth, J. 2004 ) Possibly, this is due to the difference types of research methodological analysiss that had been done. Consequently, EVA failed to mensurate the stockholders value expeditiously as this theoretical account did non mensurate the intangible factors which contribute to the company s value. An administration must look for an alternate public presentation step which is the Balanced Scorecard ( BSC ) BSC is introduced in 1990 which is different from RI, ROI and EVA because this theoretical account integrates fiscal and non fiscal public presentations to developed a strategic direction procedure. ( Kaplan R. A ; Norton D. 1992 ) Kaplan and Johnson suggested that besides the fiscal index, the non fiscal index must be emphasised every bit good. Traditionally, BSC focused on the four positions to mensurate the fiscal public presentation and the focal point shifted to the scheme of the direction procedure which is known a scheme map. ( Bible R. , Kerr S. A ; Rahim M. 2006 ) The development has make BSC a cosmopolitan theoretical account to mensurate a company s public presentation and besides a medium of communicating from all degrees. ( Hepworth P. 1998 ) . BSC helps the managerial degree to do determination from the scorecard or scheme map. BSC consists of four positions viz. client, fiscal, internal concern and acquisition and growing position. ( Bible L. , Kerr S. A ; Zanini M 2006 ) These positions can be integrated to organize aims to pull off the day-to-day operations. By utilizing the aims, directors able to place the jobs arise and plan, research on the linkage of the relationship, feedback, learn and turn everything into actions. ( Bible L. , Kerr S. A ; Zanini M 2006 ) However, surveies shows that companies unable to associate the positions to bring forth a strategic result as company able to concentrate on certain positions but non all together. Furthermore, BSC can non use to the operational degree. ( Ghalayini et al. citied in Tangen S. 2004 ) BSC focuses on the scheme but non as a signifier of control ( Kaplan R. A ; Norton D. 1992 ) as the scheme that identified may non be implemented. The director demand use the lagging index which is past information to complements with the prima indexs to accomplish the ends. ( Pandley M. 2005 ) Overall, BSC is a utile because it is easy to understand, and tool of communicating for all degrees. BSC is recommended to utilize for companies despite counsel are non provided on the betterment of steps. ( Tangen S. 2004 ) Possibly more research on the betterment must be done. The public presentation pyramid was developed in 1992 from the reverses of BSC theoretical account. However, it is non widely usage by the companies. It is able to incorporate the corporate vision and day-to-day operations together to the aims ( Tangen S. 2004 ) unlike, the BSC theoretical account unable to incorporate it. The public presentation pyramid is hierarchal position get downing from the top which is corporate vision and terminal with the day-to-day operations . ( Tangen S. 2004 ) It is able to supply information from three different positions to the stakeholders viz. clients, stockholders and direction to mensurate the public presentation. It consists of four degrees. First, it is the corporate visions, followed by the concern units ( market and fiscal ) in 2nd degree which focuses on the short and long term consequences. Traditionally, concern emphasised on the vision, fiscal, productiveness and waste on the fiscal step which is the internal efficiency. Lynch and Cross ( 1992 ) argues internal efficiency must non be focus as it emphasis on the short term consequences merely. Third, is the nucleus concern where the Bridgess the top degree and the operational degree on the clients satisfaction, flexibleness and productiveness. Last, sections need to run their day-to-day operations on the quality, bringing, rhythm clip and waste. This theoretical account combines the internal and external involvement of the company to mensurate the public presentation towards accomplishing the end which in the traditional MAS did non hold such combination. However, directors find it difficult to run this theoretical account. ( Neely A. 2000 ) It is non promote utilizing this theoretical account as there is no farther development on this theoretical account to go the public presentation index. ( Anderson K. A ; Adam R. 2004 ) .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c , .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c .postImageUrl , .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c , .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c:hover , .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c:visited , .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c:active { border:0!important; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c:active , .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2e32645e077fe000aee3cd8f8e35908c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Critique of Gone to Soldiers by Marge Piercy EssayThe pyramid prism is one of the most popular theoretical accounts and was developed to improved BSC theoretical account. It has border positions on stakeholders positions compare to the traditional MAS who emphasise on the stockholders view and internal efficiency and much more comprehensive positions compare to public presentation pyramid and BSC theoretical account. ( Neely A. 2004 ) This theoretical account has five parts viz. stakeholders, satisfactions, schemes, procedures and capablenesss and parts. A better aims will be set if directors accommodate the stakeholders demands. Neely A ; Adams ( 2002 ) argues that sta keholders demands must given precedence to the company and the company needs from them. This will give the company the right manner to pull off the concern. Besides, strategies focal point on the execution of scheme to suit the stakeholders demands. Procedures emphasised on the procedure that can be done to accomplish the schemes. Capabilities meant by the capablenesss on the engineering, people, patterns and substructure in accomplishing the end. Last, parts refer to the capablenesss of the stakeholders in lending to the company. Overall, public presentation prism has broader facets and focal points on the company and stakeholders demands compare to BSC and public presentation pyramid but it is difficult to implement. ( Anderson K. A ; Adam R. 2004 ) Possibly, betterment on this theoretical account should be done. European Foundation Quality Model ( EFQM ) Excellence Model comes from the principal of Entire Quality Management. EFQM provide a system on the public presentation direction which different from the theoretical accounts that are mentioned above. ( Wongrassamee S. , Gardiner P. A ; Simmons J. 2003 ) and are used in self appraisal in the Europe administrations to better the leading qualities in determination devising. ( McAdam R. A ; Welsh W. 2000 ) EFQM divided by two countries which is enablers and consequences. ( McAdam R. A ; Welsh W. 2000 ) Enabler refers to the things that we do whereas consequences refers to the accomplishment that have been done. Enablers consist of leading, people, policy A ; scheme and partnership A ; resources. Results consist of people consequences, client consequences, society consequences and cardinal public presentation consequences. Enablers will impact the result of the consequences in future. ( McAdam R. A ; Welsh W. 2000 ) Furthermore, surveies show that enablers and consequences are linked. ( Eskildsen and Kanji citied Bou-Llusar J. et Al. 2003 ) Therefore, the enablers will impact the hereafter consequences. EFQM has multiples aims nevertheless, counsel are non provided on implementing this theoretical account comparison to the BSC theoretical account scheme map is being used to mensurate the scheme. ( Wongrassamee S. , Gardiner P. A ; Simmons J. 2003 ) Thus, troubles in implementing will happen. However, surveies show that EFQM theoretical account able to utilize with BSC. ( Wongrassamee S. , Gardiner P. A ; Simmons J. 2003 ) The similarities of BSC and EFQM are non required to put a targeted public presentation. BSC applies strategic map to the administration and EFQM theoretical account will measure the result. The two theoretical account able to better concern public presentations and betterment of quality in the same clip. Besides EFQM theoretical account, Six Sigma besides measures the quality of direction. However, Six Sigma focuses uninterrupted betterment in client satisfactions ( Dasgusta citied Jones E. et Al. 2010 ) and error free in the concern environment . ( Pyzdek citied in Kamran Moosa K. A ; Sajid A. 2010 ) Six sigma is different from other theoretical accounts as the theoretical account focuses on minimising mistakes whereas EFQM focal points on self appraisal of the result. This theoretical account is developed by Motorola in 1987 ( Hagen M. 2010 ) and it is widely usage. It is an ultimate tool as it able to assist the administration for uninterrupted betterment based on the client demands and betterment on merchandise detects utilizing statistical theoretical accounts The theoretical account has five phases to better the administration procedure which are define, step, analyze, better, and control. These procedures are handled by the black and green belts which are extremely trained to better the undertakings. ( Caulcutt R. 2001 ) However, the job arises when the black and green belts offers unwavering support to the organisation and emphasizes on statistical methods which the company will overlook other back uping civilizations. ( Caulcutt R. 2001 ) Black belts undertakings are managed by the directors. They need to put the aims inline with the company objectives and these aims must be deployed to the organisation. ( Caulcutt R. 2001 ) If it is win so Six Sigma will be efficaciously implemented. .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 , .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 .postImageUrl , .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 , .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8:hover , .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8:visited , .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8:active { border:0!important; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8:active , .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8 .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21b3f3c7e103cb58290f167a5e185be8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Street Car Named Desire: Stanley's Brutality EssayImpacts on the execution of model on both companies and advisers. Despite there are disadvantages on the models, companies still adopts the model. However, the execution of public presentations indexs may somehow convey impacts to the companies or advisers. Impacts on the important theoretical accounts merely will be farther luxuriant below. Harmonizing to a research, EVA users from 47 companies among the Fortune 500 companies use EVA find troubles in ciphering the net operating income after revenue enhancement and the cost of capital it is really complex and largely required to do accommodations. Furthermore, EVA computation some aim can be unreasonable in public presentation rating due to the organizational degrees. Last, the EVA value may portrait a good and a bad value in the same clip as in the research EVA users perform better in footings of net incomes and non users perform better in the investor s return. This will impact the rating of the public presentations. ( Abdeen A. A ; Haight G. 2002 ) This instance survey is done by CIMA on the execution of BSC in BAE Systems, British Aerospace. The execution of BSC was able to alter the civilization of BAE. The alterations have brought success on the operations as the information from the scorecards is extractible from BAE s SAP R/3 system. BSC become the administration control system and integrated with the traffic light theoretical account to demo the position of undertakings. Besides, monthly studies are able to visualize in online and shared to all employees to see the informations so that employees are inform on the work and the part of their work to the concern units and the whole concern. However, from the research worker s position the scorecards has clip slowdown between the variables when it comes to placing the scorecard s values during the cause and consequence relationship. ( Murby L. A ; Gould S. 2005 ) The public presentation prisms have been used by DHL International ( DHL UK ) . The direction are frustrated in reexamining the monthly study as there no solution from the job arises and persisted. The theoretical account was applied with a success map that consists of the demands of the company and stakeholders and ways to accomplish the ends. The success map outlines the jobs on the cost, gross volume and clients value that interrelated. Problems are solved by work outing the challenges and the issues occurred in the concern alternatively concentrating on the elaborate study monthly. Consequently, issues are solved in teamwork alternatively of concentrating on the single map duties. ( Neely A. , Adams C. A ; Crowe P. 2001 ) Execution of Six Sigma in Bharti Infotel, India has improved the client satisfactions. Second, employees able to believe critically while associating to the statistical tools, complex issues and the concern benefits to minimise the defects. Besides, employees focuses more on fact instead that the experience in deciding jobs. Another alterations occurred where the cross-functional squads where by employees work as a squad to better undertakings. The major displacement can be seen when betterment of quality is one of the concern scheme alternatively of the quality section s duty. Besides, choices of undertaking are emphasized on concern precedences non based on employee wishlist. ( Shukla A. A ; Srinivasan R. 2007 ) Integrating BSC and EFQM theoretical account has given the partnership of UK electrical public-service corporation with the Uster Business School in 1995 some impacts. Improvement on the client satisfaction has become the first public-service corporation to win the Prestigious Charter Mark award for client award. Indirectly the accomplishment of ISO 9000 achieved. Furthermore, the partnership able to the nexus the company scheme and leaders objective together like a director s nonsubjective able to associate the betterment activities on the decrease of costs on the overall company s scheme. ( McAdam R. A ; ONeill E. 1999 ) Decisions. In nutshell, the traditional MAS have restrictions but the developments of the theoretical accounts have improved the lacks. All the theoretical accounts are utile but it is based on the company s demands in accessing the public presentation. EVA focuses on the stockholders values whereas BSC focal points on the fiscal and non fiscal indexs to organize a strategic direction utilizing the causes-effect relationship. Besides, public presentation pyramid and prism both focal points on the stakeholders positions but public presentation prism has a broader position, widely used and aims are set harmonizing the clients and company s demands. EFQM and Six Sigma focuses on quality direction which one emphasises on ego appraisal and another theoretical account focuses on understating defects. These theoretical accounts are developed to better the operational system. Models such as EFQM and BSC able to incorporate and heighten the public presentation rating. However, some theoretical account are developed theoretically in which the really result may non feasible. The unfavorable judgment of Johnson and Kaplan has someway overcome as the developments on the theoretical accounts able to measure the fiscal and non fiscal indexs and improved on quality and strategic direction alternatively utilizing the fiscal information to mensurate the public presentation. Besides, the developments of theoretical accounts able to decentralize all the divisions in accomplishing the administration aims. A divergence on the short-termism to the long-termism on the subsequent developments has helped the administration to increase efficiency and effectivity of the concern environment. However, the developments theoretical accounts able to assist the administrations to measure the direction performances to a certain extent. This is because every theoretical accounts has in ain blessings and curses and it is non applicable for all. Thus, more development on MAS should be done. ( 2500 words )

Acknowledgement Essays

Acknowledgement Essays Acknowledgement Essay Acknowledgement Essay Chapter 1 The Problem and its Background Introduction The term RFID refers to Radio Frequency Identification, a technology which uses radio waves to automatically identify items or people. Most commonly this involves the use of an RFID tag and a reader device. In general terms, Radio Frequency Identification systems consist of an RFID tag (typically many tags) and an interrogator or reader. The interrogator emits a field of electromagnetic waves from an antenna, which are absorbed by the tag. The absorbed energy is used to power the tag’s microchip and a signal that includes the tag identification number is sent back to the interrogator. The use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio frequency  electromagnetic fields  to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking. Some tags require no battery and are powered and read at short ranges via magnetic fields (electromagnetic induction). Backround of the Study Tanauan Institute has already been using the Library System. Since the institution is already using such technology, these will be the first time for the institution to use Radio Frequency Identification. The researchers thought of maximizing its use by creating a system that will track the students who borrowed books, which will be having RFID stickers for monitoring purposes, in the library. Currently, the school’s library is using the â€Å"Library System† in monitoring the books, which has a number of limitations. It is not capable of generating reports that can determine the books that are mostly borrowed which can help them decide on the number of a particular book they will be purchasing in the future. It is also using Microsoft Visual Basic for the system’s database which can only store very limited information. On the other hand, the system that the library is using in recording the attendance of the users cannot help them in identifying the library users of the month. The librarians need to manually count the number of times each student had logged in the system. Lastly, they have also no means of reminding the library users regarding their borrowed book Statement of the Problem Not capable of generating reports that can determine the books that are mostly borrowed. No means of reminding the library users regarding about their borrowed books. Manual counting the number of times each student had logged in the system. Objectives of the Study Generally, the researchers aim to design and develop a system that would enhance the use of the current Library System with the help of RFID in the said Institute. Specifically, the study aims to: Design and develop a system that will generate reports to determine the trend in book borrowing Use MySQL for the system’s database Determine the library users of the month in just a click of a button Remind the students and faculty members regarding their borrowed books Test and evaluate the system’s accuracy and reliability Scope and Delimitation There would be some limitations to the project that should be taken into consideration. This study limits its coverage to the students of the Tanauan Institute only. It will be conducted for two semesters which consists of 10 months. Two low frequency ACR122U Smart Card Readers will be used for the system: one for the monitoring of books and the other one for the recording of the attendance. The system will be written in Microsoft Visual Basic 2010. The database that will be incorporated with such is Microsoft My SQL. It will execute only in platforms running Windows Operating System. The applications of the system will only cover the monitoring of books and tracking of the borrowers. Other unavoidable circumstances, such as power interruptions and speed of access, and other more complex areas of RFID Technology, such as securing the data, are no longer part of the study. Conceptual Framework For the researchers to be able to come up with a Radio Frequency Identification Reloading System, they will need very flexible and versatile knowledge in using the VB. NET programming language and in using the MS Server 2008. They will also be needing materials such as ACS Readers, tags which should be compatible with the reader and a desktop running Windows operating system. The related foreign and local studies and literature would also be of big aid to them because of the given information and problems with solutions of these materials. With all the knowledge, the materials to be used and the related resources, the researchers will need to carefully plan the whole study which is going to be the foundation of their research as a whole, gather and analyze data before they design and code the system. After the coding stage, the researchers need to test and evaluate their study. If necessary, modifications should be done to perfect the system. Conceptual Paradigm Below is the figure of the conceptual paradigm of the study: NOTE:::: REVISED PARADIGM MAKE A NEW DIAGRAM.. PLACE IT HERE!!!.. Figure 2. Paradigm of the study Definition of Terms Accuracy is a characteristic of a reliable system achieved from a number of tests and evaluation. Circulation Management is a division in the library which is in charge of managing the borrowing and the returning of library materials. Collection Management- is a division in the library which is in charge of maintaining the collection of the library materials through adding or updating records. Database is an organized collection of data needed for storing, updating, retrieving and viewing information for a particular system. Library Management System is the system which will be an aid for monitoring the books and tracking and reminding the borrowers in a certain library. Radio Frequency Identification is one of the newest identification technologies that use electromagnetic fields to transfer and read data that will be integrated by the researchers in this study. Chapter 2 Related Literature and Studies A. Related Literature Foreign Literature Holloway (June 2006), Microsoft EMEA Manufacturing Industry Solutions Architect, wrote a white paper which explained the components of a basic RFID system and how it works. According to him, an RFID system is composed of three important pieces of equipment such as: (1) a small radio device called a tag, or the transponder, which contains the data, (2) the reader, or the interrogator, that transmits and collects data to be downloaded from and uploaded to the tag, and (3) the host computer installed with an RFID software to process the data into valuable information. Daniel (2004) summarizes the operation in a basic RFID system as discussed below: First, the tag will enter the RF field of the Reader then, the RF signal will power the Tag that will transmit the ID with other data which, on the other hand, will be sent to the computer by the Reader. Then, the computer will be the one sending data to the Reader which will be transmitted to the tag. In a paper published by Mitrokotsa and Douligeri (2009), â€Å"Integrated RFID and Sensor Networks: Architectures and Applications†, they discussed and differentiate RFID and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Technologies. They also discussed why these technologies should be implemented to various fields of business and their requirements. Since the proponents will be using RFID, the tips, which are proven effective, given in this study on how to have better RFID-based systems will be of big help in conducting their study. Soldatos (2010) formulated a study entitled Rich Client Application for RFID EPCIS Repository wherein he created software which intended to provide a UML-like graphical representation of the business locations, and read points of an enterprise with a more user friendly RFID-based software system. Dhanalakshmi and Mamatha (n. d. ) wrote a paper wherein they discussed the project that they created entitled â€Å"RFID Based Library Management System† which is very similar to the study being conducted by the proponents. In their study’s conclusion, they have indicated and proven that RFID in the library speeds up its transactions such as book borrowing, returning, searching thus enables staff to do more of its responsibilities. Mutigwe and Aghdasi (n. d. also conducted a study entitled â€Å"Research Trends in RFID Technology† wherein they have given attention at continuing research activities in the field of RFID and talked about the possible major burdens that RFID Technology is facing today such as privacy, high costs, and social and legal concerns. Local Literature Garcia (2009) made a study, â€Å"Student Recognition Using Radio Frequency Identification for Tarlac State University†, which was undertaken to develop a system that would support and i mprove the current way of identifying students at Tarlac State University. The system is capable of importing excel files to update student records. Through the images and the information displayed by the system, security officers find it easy to identify the students entering the school campus. Reports can be generated for administration and filing purposes. The concern of security was also addressed because the system can control users and produce integral records. Similar to the study of the proponents, the system that they will create can also generate reports for monitoring and inventory purposes. Another study which also focused on the record keeping of students who enter and exit the school premises is the â€Å"Design of RFID Interface System: A Prototype† conducted by Engr. Dellosa (2007). He designed a circuitry capable of indicating the arrival and departure of the students in such a way that the students can also be notified. He also developed software capable of capturing and recording the student’s names together with their time of arrival and departure within the school premises. B. Related Studies Foreign Studies A study of Botterman and Oranje (May 2009) entitled â€Å"Study on The Requirements and Options For RFID Application in Healthcare† proved that RFID Technology is versatile and can also bring improvements in the field of healthcare. It also proved that the speed of access and speed of processing of transactions, the inventory of equipment, and the monitoring of the patience and employees can be improved by RFID. Lastly, Zherdev (2011) performed a study, â€Å"Storing and Reading Sensor Data from Battery Assisted Passive RFID†, which dealt with tags of battery assisted passive-type and ISO 18000-6C standard. His study evaluated and improved a system designed to transmit information about the bearings status of railway wagons. It is related to this study being conducted by the proponents since they will also be using the passive type of RFID tags. Shariff of Longitude Consultancy Services made a proposal for schools to implement systems incorporated with RFID Technology for attendance monitoring, library management, and logging in school buses. He reasoned out the needs for such advancement which made the proponents more eager in pursuing this study. Local Studies Studies were not only done in other countries but also in the Philippines as well. Filipinos also hunger for knowledge and improvements in the field of Technology. One of the pioneers in using RFID Technology to make its transactions faster and more efficient is the Mapua Institute of Technology with its Cardinal Plus Model which made many transactions convenient ever since it was introduced to the Institute such as securing student identification upon entering the campus and online grade access of students. This study is somehow related because both implementation targets are in universities. A study conducted by Balbacal (2005) entitled â€Å"Automated Bus Fare System† is related to the system that the researchers is planning to create. In Balbacal’s system, she used reloadable cards which used barcodes in riding a bus and paying for the fare. The amount to be reloaded on a card depends on the user’s capability to pay. However, Aquino et. al’s (October 2009) â€Å"Automation of the Movie Theater Charging Procedures Through the Use of RFID† proved that RFID Technology can also improve the field of entertainment. Their system was able to eliminate queuing problems improve charging operations of the system implied on improvement in the efficiency, reliability accuracy of the operation. Even though the field of implementations of their study and the researchers’ are not the same, the purposes of both are identical. The researchers want to eliminate the redundancy in recording the attendance of the students which the existing system is not capable of. In Villame’s (2010) research entitled â€Å"Carrier Suppression Locked Loop Mechanism for UHF RFID Readers†, he made an improvement on the front-end architecture of UHF RFID readers to address the problem of having the performance of the reader limited as the active components in the receiver become saturated due to having the readers being exposed to strong carrier leakage signals because of the antenna reflections and limited isolation of circulators and directional couplers. This would be of great help but the researchers indicated that other complex aspects of RFID such as isolation of signals will not be covered by this study. Chapter 3 Methodology Research Design In every study, the method of research to be used is very important. The whole study somehow depends on such method because it will determine how the data collected will be handled. The goal is of this method is to acquire accurate and systematic data which are based on facts that can be used in averages, frequencies and similar statistical calculations. It often uses visual aids such as graphs and charts to aid the reader in understanding the data distribution. The researchers are also taking into consideration the use of developmental research. In a paper published by James D. Klein et. al, (n. d. ) they define it as studies that involve the production of information with the goal to improve the development of instructional design, development, and evaluation. Such research is based on either situation-speci? c problem solving or generalized inquiry actions. Sampling The researching process will take place at the Tanauan Institute, a institute located at J. V. Gonzales St. Pagaspas Tanauan City. The researchers have chosen this institution because it is where they are currently studying and it was the first time the school will use the RFID system. Instruments/Tools The primary tools that will be used in gathering the needed information for this study are researching and browsing from the net. The secondary tools will be the related foreign and local literature and studies that the researchers have gathered. Gathering Data The process of the data we gathered is divided into five phases namely: Identify and Analyze the Requirements. In this phase, the proponents will gather all possible requirements that the end user expects from the system to be developed. These requirements will dictate the functions that will be integrated in the system. Design the System. Upon gathering and analyzing the requirements of the end user, the designing of the system will follow. This phase is important because the system’s design will dictate the overall system architecture. If the proponents have inquiries about the system, they can gather and analyze the requirements again. Code the System. After designing what the system will look like, the proponents will start the actual coding of the system. This design of the system will be the basis of how the system will look like. Test the System. To ensure that the system is efficient and reliable, several tests will be conducted. If the system fails the testing phase, the proponents will go back to the second phase which is designing of the system. 5. Acceptance of the System. After having proven that the system is functioning well, it will be deployed to the end user and they will be trained on how to use it. They will evaluate if their requirements and expectations have been met. If not, the proponents have to go back to the first phase again and start all over. Software Specification |Operating System |Microsoft Windows XP or higher | |Microsoft SQL Sever |2008 or higher | |Microsoft . Net Framework |4. 0 or higher | |Windows Internet Explorer |7 or higher | |ACS CCID Driver | | Hardware Specification |Memory |2 GB or higher | |Processor |2. GHz or faster | |Hard Disk |At least 3GB of available space | |Monitor |1024768 or higher resolution | |Printer | | |ACR122U NFC Reader | | Gantt Chart ILAGAY DITO†¦ Chapter4 The Proposed System User and Needs of the Study Proposed system is the Tanauan Institute New College Library Management System. Through our software user can add books, update books, search books, update information, edit information, record the attendance of the borrowers, borrow and return books in quick time. Our proposed system has the following advantages. ? User friendly interface ? Fast access to database ? Less error ? More Storage Capacity ? Search facility ? Look and Feel Environment ? Quick transaction All the manual difficulties in managing the Library have been rectified by implementing computerization. Analysis General Features of the System RFID technology has been applied in libraries just over a decade, though the technology is not yet mature but its rapid development allows more and more functions to be achieved. RFID is still in its developing stage in libraries, the technology originally can only simply achieve the self-check-in and check-out function, but till now, the effectively inventory, logistics and sorting the returned books are all able to be achieved. The library can adopt RFID technology aim of improving the self-service. Patrons can borrow and return the items using automatic lending machines, which require a library card and a PIN. Self-service becomes much easier with this new technology as it does not require line of sight and max. 3 items can be borrowed at a time. So far, the frequency of self-service is nearly 100%. Besides, sorting the returned books greatly reduces the library staffs manual work. As RFID label has anti-theft function, there is no need for an extra alarm strip to be attached to the item, which makes the borrowing and tagging tasks a lot easier accordingly. Chapter 5 Implementation Program Testing We the researchers have come up to test the system with different specifications to know the compatibility of it to the system. The researcher make sure that they will not have any problem during implementation and also we asked the end user to see and to test the system, if they had any wanted to changed or add on the system. To ensured that the system is efficient. Documentation Plan The documentation has seven chapters. The first three chapters were made during the first part of the study, these three chapters guide the researcher to create a system what look alike. The last four chapters were made at the second part together with the system proposal. Data Management Plan We the researchers gathered data by acquiring information on some schools, browsing the net, getting some ideas with the old system, library research, asking personal questions and getting information through handouts. Resource Management Plan The development of the software would not be possible without the following components: A. Computer – an electronic device uses to manipulate data. B. USB Flash Drive – is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. C. Hard Disk – wherein the system is stored and the soft copy of the documentation is saved. D. Ballpen Paper – use for writing down the documentation and other important information. E. Internet – the primary tool of the researchers that used to gathered the needed information or data. F. Printed Materials – used for additional reference. G. Printer – used to provide hard copy of the program code and documentation. All the data which were manipulated throughout the process of the study were stored in the computer hard disk drive with back up on several flash drives. Quality Assurance Plan The researchers ensure the most precise and direct method of providing the software with highest regard on procedures thereby providing easy access for end user. Accuracy and efficiency of the software is likewise ensured thereby providing the end users guaranteed reliable software. Security Plan The researchers ensure that all data, documentation, codes and system were provided sets of back up. And though the system, the researchers put a login form on the system to ensure that no one can access or view, only the end user can use it. Training Plan Formal training on how to use the program for end users will be provided by the researcher, if needed. The system is intended to use by an end-user acting as the administrator and could add another administrator that will do the same task to facilitate all their activities. Chapter 6 Maintenance Upon the implementation of the system, that is downloading and debugging the entire system, the researchers assures extension of services for future modifications or updates of information already published responsibilities: 1. Provided with the necessary updates on information, the researchers will plan the necessary layout modification, if needed. 2. According to the layout planned, necessary changes in the codes follows. 3. Appropriate testing of the modified code is to be done to ensure efficiency and accuracy. 4. Updating other details is provided by the system 5. Providing back-up of the modified code 6. Providing updated documentation 7. Entrusting all the used resources to the appropriate authorities. Hardware maintenance is beyond the duty of the researcher. Chapter 7 The Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendation Summary Library Management, particularly Circulation and Collection, in Tanauan Institute uses a semi-automated system which has a number of limitations such as incapability of automatically generating reports and statistics, and loss, inconsistency, and in accuracy of data. Since this institution is already using RFID Technology in monitoring the attendance of its students, the researchers attempted to resolve such issues by creating an RFID-Based Library Management System using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and Microsoft SQL Server 2008 with the students and the librarians as the target beneficiaries in mind. Modified waterfall was the research model used by the researchers which helped them in the distribution of the tasks they need to accomplish. Descriptive method of research was also utilized in order to gather data more accurately and systematically with the use of data gathering tools such as surveys with open and close ended questions, interviews, and time motion study represented by graphs and tables to test and evaluate the system’s reliability and the user’s acceptance. Conclusion Through months of conducting this study, starting from the data-gathering-phase up to the deployment-phase, with the aid of the surveys, interviews, and time motion study analyzed, the researchers concluded the following statements about their Tanauan Institute New Library RFID-Based Library Management System: The system was able to generate statistics and reports by just a click of a button which can help them in forecasting and identifying the library users of the month. They can now finally be assured regarding the accuracy and reliability of the data generated. The system can cater larger amount of data which is what the library practically needed at this time that they are upgrading the amount of their collection. Data loss will now be finally eliminated. The system was able to track whom librarian is accountable for the loss of a returned material. The system was able to help them in reminding the students regarding their unreturned materials. Recommendations For the future researchers to improve, the researchers suggest the following: Module for printing of a receipt-like for library users as a confirmation of the material that they have returned or borrowed Module for printing of a book-card-like after adding or updating a particular library material so that librarians can now generate it with just a click of a button Module to Include visitors who don’t have RFIDs LAGYAN PA NG RECOMMENDATION YUNG NDI NYO NAGAWA..

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad - Profile

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad - Profile Why Bashar al-Assad Matters: Syrias Hafez al-Assad, in power since June 10, 2000, is one of the Middle Easts most ruthless, autocratic, minority rulers in one of the worlds most closed societies. Assad also maintains Syrias pivotal role on the Middle Easts strategic map: He is an ally of Irans Shiite theocracy, he supports and arms Hamas in the Gaza Strip, as well as Hezbollah in Lebanon, thus maintaining a level of enmity toward Israel that so far has precluded peace: Israel has occupied Syrias Golan Heights since the 1967 war. Presumed a reformer when he took Power, Bashar al-Assad has proved no less repressive than his father. Bashar al-Assads Early Life: Bashar al-Assad was born on Sept. 11, 1965, in Damascus, the Syrian capital, the second son of Hafez al-Assad (1930-2000), who had tyrannically ruled Syria since 1971, and Anisa Makhlouf Bashar. He had three brothers and a sister. He spent years training as an eye doctor, first at a military hospital in Damascus then in London, at St. Marys Hospital. He was not being groomed for the presidency: his oldest brother Basil was. In January 1994, Basil, who led Syrias presidential guard, died in a car crash in Damascus. Bashar was immediately and unexpectedly thrust into the limelightand the succession line. Bashar al-Assads Personality: Bashar al-Assad was not groomed to be a leader. Where his brother Basil was gregarious, outgoing, charismatic, arrogant, Dr. Assad, as he was referred to for a while, was retiring, shy, and appearing to have few of his fathers wiles or will to poweror ruthlessness. Friends admit, The Economist wrote in June 2000, that he cuts a rather meek and awkward figure, unlikely to inspire the same terror and admiration as his handsome, athletic, outgoing and ruthless brother. Basil was the gangster type, says one Syrian. Bashar is much more quiet and thoughtful. Early Years of Power: Bashar al-Assad had been running a private medical practice. But when his brother died, his father summoned him from London, sent him to a military academy north of Damascus, and started preparing him for the reins of power- which he took when Hafez al-Assad died on June 10, 2000. Bashar has gradually turned into a younger version of his father. I have a lot of respect for experience, Bashar al-Assad said just as he was taking power, and I am going to try always to acquire it. Hes lived up to that pledge. He suggested that hd relax Syrias repressive police state, even explore political reforms. He barely did. Toying With the United States and Israel: Almost from the beginning of Bashar al-Assad reign, theres been a yo-yo effect in his relations with the United States and Israelimplying engagement during one phase only to retreat into intransigence and extremism the next. Whether its a strategy or a lack of self-confidence might seem unclear until the approach is seen in the context of how Bashars father maintained power: not by innovating, not by daring, but by keeping the opposition off balance, by undermining expectations rather than living up to them. Theres been a see-saw effect on two fronts since 2000, without as yet producing lasting results. Bashar al-Assads See-Saw: Cooperation With the U.S.: Shortly after the 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Assad proved to be a relatively reliable ally in the fight against al-Qaeda, cooperating with U.S. intelligence and, in more sinister ways, lending his prisons to the Bush administrations rendition program. It was in Assads prisons that Canadian national Maher Arar was tortured, at the administrations behest, even after Mahar was found to be innocent of any ties to terrorism. Assads cooperation, like Muammar el-Qaddafis,was not out of appreciation for the west but out of fear that al-Qaeda would undermine his regime. Bashar al-Assads See-Saw: Talks With Israel: Assad has similarly see-sawed with Israel over peace talks and the resolution of the Golan Heights occupation. In late 2003, Assad, in an interview with The New York Times, appeared ready to negotiate: Some people say there are Syrian conditions, and my answer is no; we dont have Syrian conditions. What Syria says is this: negotiations should be resumed from the point at which they had stopped simply because we have achieved a great deal in these negotiations. If we dont say this, it means we want to go back to point zero in the peace process. But similar suggestions were made over subsequent years, to no end. Syrias Nuclear Reactor: In September 2007, Israel bombed a remote area of northeast Syria, along the Euphrates River, where, Israel and the United States alleged, North Korea was helping Syria build a plutonium-based nuclear plant that would have been capable of producing nuclear weapons. Syria denied the allegations. Writing in The New Yorker in February 2008, investigative reporter Seymour Hersh said the evidence was circumstantial but seemingly damning. But Hersh raised serious doubt about the certainty that it was a nuclear reactor, even though he conceded that Syria was cooperating with North Korea on something military. Bashar al-Assad and Reform: As with his stance toward Israel and the United States, Bashar al-Assads promises of reform have been many, but his retreats from those promises have been just as frequent. Theres been a few Syrian springs where dissenters and human rights advocates were given a longer leash. But those brief springs never lasted. Assads promises of local elections have not been followed through, though financial restrictions on the economy were lifted early in his reign and helped the Syrian economy grow faster. In 2007, Assad held a sham referendum extending his presidency seven years. Bashar al-Assad and Arab Revolutions: As of early 2011, Bashar al-Assad was firmly planted on Middle Eastern soil as one of the regions most ruthless tyrants. He brought Syrias 29-year occupation of Lebanon to an end in 2005, but only after the likely Syrian- and Hezbollah-backed assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri triggered the Cedar Revolution on Lebanons streets and drove the Syrian army out. Syria has since reasserted its power over Lebanon, re-infiltrating the countrys intelligence services and, ultimately, reasserting Syrian hegemony when Hezbollah brought the government down and brokered its re-institution, with Hezbollah at the helm. Assad is not merely a tyrant. Like Bahrains Al Khalifa ruling family, which is Sunni and ruling, illegitimately, over a majority of Shiites, Assad is an Alawite, a break-away Shiite sect. Barely 6 percent of Syrias population is Alawite. The majority is Sunni, with Kurds, Shiites and Christians forming minorities of their own. In an interview with the Wall Street Journal in January 2011, Assad said downplayed the risks of revolution in his country: I am not talking here on behalf of the Tunisians or the Egyptians. I am talking on behalf of the Syrians, he said. It is something we always adopt. We have more difficult circumstances than most of the Arab countries but in spite of that Syria is stable. Why? Because you have to be very closely linked to the beliefs of the people. This is the core issue. When there is divergence between your policy and the peoples beliefs and interests, you will have this vacuum that creates disturbance. Assads certainties were soon proven wrong as disturbances erupted in various parts of the countryand Assad assaulted them with his police and military, murdering many protesters, arresting hundreds, and silencing Internet communications that have helped organize protests across the Middle East. In short, Assad is a flirt, not a statesman, a tease, not a visionary. Its worked so far. Its not likely to work for ever.

Skilled Human Resource Management In Africa Essay

Skilled Human Resource Management In Africa - Essay Example The topic of our discussion is brain drainage from the continent that is not yet established and due to such actions of individuals they tend to loose many important resources that could have been utilized in the betterment of their economic position. The world is currently facing diversion in terms of human resources from one part of the world to the other, it is fair to say that educated people do not want to stay in their country until and unless their country is fully supporting them and providing them with every basic of life, countries like America and England do not have a drainage problem due to many reasons which are also related to their currency value, however Africa is facing a serious problem as it cannot afford its skillful people to leave it which is happening. Almost every country is having a class that is willing to stay in it and work with dedication, but such organizations are providing its employees with something wonderful and they are motivated to work for the same without thinking about any struggle to earn more. As early as the 1500s, the African slave trade had already brought thousands of Africans to the new world. In what the mid period, Africans were exported from their homelands to the America to deve lop and sustain plantation agriculture and to work the mines of South America in a new and unfamiliar environment, the Africans were indentured for specified periods, but as the economic advantages of their forced labor became clearer, the period of serving soon came to be expanded to the duration of their lives. The Africans brought not only their labor, but also skills and knowledge in areas useful to the white colonizers. In Africa, the captives had been farmers, builders, artisans, craftsmen, healers, and even the rulers. For many of the African immigrants, the journey to the United States involves a global migratory pattern, leaving because of Africa's worsening economic and political problems, or to pursue education, or to join up with family members, these immigrants typically reach the United States in stepwise fashion, sometimes living in several other countries before managing to secure a visa for their ultimate destination in the United States. Relative to other immigrant population groups such as Hispanics or Asians, the African immigrants have a low rate of naturalization. Many consider themselves as visitors in United States, intending to return home when economic and political conditions improve. Africa's brain drain is taking place as the continent stands at the crisis of economic development and Africans appeal for the establishment of democratic institutions and political accountability. Africa's dilemma starts from the fact that the colonial and post-colonial policies of economic, political, and cultural development have been framed from a Euro American perspective that offers little or no relevance to the needs of the people on the continent. For instance, the rapid expansion in secondary and postsecondary education since 1945, although essential for economic and cultural development, was undertaken without any assessment of how school leavers would be incorporated into the labor market. The inability of the labor market to absorb school leavers has resulted in massive underemployment and unemployment. Unable to find jobs, both skilled and unskilled workers are compelled to search for jobs in Western

The Image Narrative Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Image Narrative - Research Paper Example â€Å"Manga artist Mizuki Shigeru (b. 1922), creator of the famous supernatural series GeGeGe no Kitaro, is one individual who could not be blamed for feeling like a victim.†1 In fact, Shigeru lost his left arm in the war but sees himself, it seems, reflected through his art in the way that the war was torturous and terrible. The key players in the text include Japanese officials, as well as one character we see throughout the panels. They are both parodied, and the character guiding one through the panels who is the main character acts as though he knows nothing about WWII. The cartoon character which is parodied in the panel definitely adds to the overall tone of the piece, giving War and Japan a slightly humorous bent, although little about War and Japan is really humorous. The topic of the cartoon is carnage, massacre, disaster, and war—at their worst. The suffering of the Japanese people is aptly portrayed in this graphic cartoon, bringing the reader to a very dark place. In this sense, it is understood why the cartoon is offensive to some people, both to the Japanese and those who are not Japanese. This cartoon disturbs the reader, but with an overall intent to educate—not just to shock. That is the redeeming value of this cartoon, is that it seeks to educate its readers about the horrors of war as it relates to Japanese history, pre- and post-World War II. This cartoon exemplifies the suffering of the Japanese in different eras, that is supposed to enlighten the reader as to why the Japanese have a certain mindset regarding the war and its effects. III. Second Set of Questions (150 words) Images echo each other in this piece in the sense that violence mirrors itself continually through the piece, not only talking about the Nanking Massacre—but contrasting that with the atomic bomb that dropped on Hiroshima and the carnage that resulted in that. Not only that but, we see the overlap and evolution of soldiers having been sent of f to the South Pacific and Burma from Japan to fight in WWII, an often unseen added element about the War that Shigeru sheds light upon. The images are fixed in terms of being frozen in time, but there is definitely a sense of movement in the images, giving oneself an idea that it is like watching a little movie of World War II from a Japanese viewpoint. The images are more ambiguous when it comes to larger overviews, like the Nanking Massacre and one jungle scenes seen later in the panel. IV. Third Set of Questions (600 words) Sensory stimulation is paramount to War and Japan. The rhythm and pacing is switched up. At first, Shigeru shows us graphic images, and then gives our eyes a rest between graphic images to process what we have just seen, and then the cartoon character narrator tries to explain what is going on in the mind of ordinary Japanese people, bringing the reader back to a sense of normalcy—right before the next image is proffered on-screen. The larger pattern o f movement overall is a wax and wane, bringing us in peaks and valleys to a crescendo of realizing what it means to be a true Japanese—to â€Å"stand tall.† In this way, the progression from panel to panel is very cyclical, nonlinear, and evocative of an emotional rollercoaster in which Shigeru engages us. The turning point of the entire â€Å"cartoon,† if it can be called that—since one usually thinks of cartoons as more humorous than grotesque—is the massacre that occurs after the Manchu people are worked like slaves

Climate Change Essay Example for Free

Climate Change Essay Once, I visited a hospital for my health checkup,there I saw a man with shattered skin,rashes all over the body;clearcut it was the case of allergy.Doctors are rushing and making report on it.After a week I again visited that hospital for my scheduled checkup,then I came to know a shocking news-that allergy case was the case of Ganga bath!! Alas! Holy river Ganga, ancient river Ganga ,that Ganga which takes away all the sins from mankind, today causing allergy,irritation,skin rashes!!! that man has to pay price for his religious belief†¦ Also scientists got some samples from Ganga from specific places having disease causing microbes. This small case itself indicate the change we have made in our nature. Change is the law of nature,change is inevitable and change is evergoing process,but Climate Change is one of the most complex,multifaceted and serious threat that the World face. Whether you are adding your bit to the heap of garbage piling up in your locality or not become meaningless when the garbage begins to rot-the stench will reach your nose too,Climate Change induced by global warming works much the same way. World famous scientists all over the country had evaluated climate change and came to conclusion that Greenhouse Gases ,CFC, Carbondieoxide and many other toxic gases are the cause of environment degradation.Though it is true scientifically,the root lies elsewhere;that is in the greed of human being.Our greed led to adavancement of technology and led us farther from peace and prosperity of all. Increasing consumption of electricity due to intiation of several new industries,disposal of garbage without treatment to maximize profit,use of environment hazardious substances like polythene in our daily life are concrete examples of human greed. People have been influencing the Biosphere for at least 8000 years,since the invention of Agriculture,but Climate Change has proposed a threat over our Agriculture.The most affected area of Climate Change will be Agriculture and its biodiversity. The first and foremost impact of climate change is in biodiversity specially Islands biodiversity.nearly one –fourth of the worlds countries are Island and they are treasure trove of biodiversity.Also they provide food,fresh water ,wood,fibre,medicine,fuel and other raw materials. But increasing sea level has given a alarm threat to them,The New Moore Island of India in Sunderbans has been consumed recently by rising sea,many other Pacific atoll nation Island of Kiribati,Islands of Vanuatu also submerged in early history.we are loosing huge . biodiversity;these are initial cases†¦ Rather IPCC has warned that a rise in sea levels of between 18 and 59cm by 2100 would be enough to submerge many other big islands, including Maldives and make them unhabitable,also of the 724 recorded animal extinctions in 400 years about half were Island species .also climate change will bring degradation of coastal environment and natural resources on which poor rural people depend.Higher rates of erosion and coastal land loss may vanish our islands In context of Agriculture,sea level rise will also cause increased salinity due to encroachment of the sea and saltwater intrusion into freshwater lenses,contributing to an increasing shortage of water supply and loss of agriculture land.The most vulnerable section will be the poor and marginal farmers with small landholdings because ‘extreme weather events’will specially occur in tropics,fundamental changes in rainfall pattern together with rising temperature will shorten growing season and reduce crop productivity . Acco.to World Bank 75% of 1.2 billion people are trapped in extreme poverty,so they will fail to adopt new rotation practices and thus most vulnerable to climate change. World wide farming is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions accouting for 20% of total emissions.Atmospheric concentration of methane has more than doubled during the past 200 years.Natural wetlands,fossil fuels related to natural gas,coal mines coal industry,electric fermentation,rice fields,biomass burning,landfills accont for 75% of methane production in our environment. thus major source of greenhouse gases is agriculture itself. Rice fields are the most significant contributors of atmospheric methane accounting for 11-13% of the world’s total methane production. Also, rice production will need to expand by around 70% over the next 25 years to meet the demands of fast growing human population whose food demand is expected to double in developing world in next 40 years. Thus if we increase our crop area specially staple crop area in near future then the problem of global warming is likely to increase. Already in today’s era 800 million people are unnourished, in India only 30 million people suffer hunger,46% children are underweight and 17000 people are dying per day due to hunger on an average. Thus in near future we are going to face a great threat not only of climate change but also of food security†¦. However, Not all effects of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, most of the major food crops are C-3 plants including staple food like rice ,wheat, oat, barley will show increase in yield ranging from 25% to 64% due to increased CO2 level, also most of the noxious weed are C4 plants and their growth will be checked. But this is only one side of the coin ,increased temperature due to increase in CO2 level may rise the pest attack up to 25% and fungal disease attack up to 20% and also disturb our monsoon pattern.In an overview it can be said that it will create more and new problem rather than benefits because the worst sufferers would be farmers of Rainfed agriculture which cover 60% of all cultivable lands. Today humanbeings have become dependent on technologies which are dependent on non -renewable resources and produce illeffects in long run.nowdays we say that glaciers are shrinking;may be shrinking but more that the heart of the people and their philosophy is shrinking too.while the drastic effects of global warming has been discussed in many scientific circles,had their run on T.V. and even had well meaning Hollywood films but the need of the hour is to change ourselves,to reduce our luxurious wants. The need of the hour is to develop a) True sustainability,there should be synergies between climate mitigation strategies and development policies in areas of energy efficiency,fuel substitution,renewable ,afforestration,and land and waste management. b) The planning should not be for temporary economic gains and support,but for sustainability in future as well.There should be partnerships with communities,individuals,and private sector to frame effective measures to reduce the impact the effect of climate change. Today we all peoples of the world need to change our habbits ,not only in Agricultural practices but also in our daily life practicices†¦ Switching of fans and light before leaving room ,efficient use of water at home , proper garbage disposal at micro level, though seems to be a very minute step but the huge building of true sustainability will only form above these basic steps because this will be the 1st step against our greed, so step ahead and realize your own responsibility ,because it is not the time to curse the darkness but to light a small lamp. References: 1. â€Å"Know climate change† by Tanya Agarwal 2. â€Å"Global climate change† by Arnold J.Bloom 3. Science Reporter (CSIR) 4. IPCC website

J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls - Eva Smiths Diary Essay

I've just got back from my summer vacation. It was lovely. I'm really looking forward to going again next year. Life's looking up at the moment. It's great! Just one problem though, the money I'm receiving at the factory. I've spoken to quite a few other girls on vacation and they earn much more than twenty-two and six. I'll speak to Mr. Birling tomorrow to ask him about raising it to 25 shillings a week. I don't see why not myself. I'm a good worker and have been in the factory over a year. We'll just have to see what he says. 12th September 1910 That's it! I'm not taking any more. A few other girls and me, who are sick of the terrible money, are going on strike. He'll have to raise our weekly wage then won't he; well if he doesn't I'm not carrying on working for him. He's a mean man, and only cares for himself, wants all the money. It's not very often I get annoyed I don't like to call people and say nasty things about them, but I really have had enough today. This man has really angered me. I'm an excellent, hard, pleasant worker. How dare he have the cheek to say no! I told his this afternoon for the 6th time in the past 2 days, that because I was being promoted to leading operator I would at least expect a pay rise. His reply was the same, that it was his duty to keep labour costs down. His exact answer if I remember was; "I've told you again and again Eva, every time you've asked me. It's my duty to keep labour costs down. I don't know why the hell you waste your time bothering me when you could be working - earning good money for my factor. The answers a straight no, so get out of my office girl. Get back to your bleeding work." What a lovely charming man Mr. Birling is, oh great is he. ... ...ll because of no food, no roof above their head. I don't want that. I don't want my child not having the advantages that other children have; that other children take advantage of. Waking up everyday with a roof above their head, breakfast on the table for them, loving parents that are there for them when they need help or are feeling down. Everyone takes advantage of everything they own, even their lives. They don't realize it until they've lost those things they love and care about though. Then it will suddenly hit them like a ton of bricks. People should learn to love what they have, but me, I can't go on any longer trying to be happy for what I have. I don't have anything, so I can't try to be happy. I've tried too many times, and now - I'm giving up trying. I'm weak and so far I've lost everything apart from my life. Which soon I will also be loosing.

Diabetes Type II

Diabetes is a condition characterized by individuals having elevated levels of blood sugar resulting from the body not producing sufficient insulin or the body cells not effectively responding to the insulin already present in the body (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreases, enables the body cells to take up glucose and oxidizes it into energy (Zieve & Wexler, 2009). Lack of this glucose uptake by the body cells will result to the accumulation of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hyperglycemia (Kilvert & Fox, 2007).Hyperglycemia leads to a number of other serious complications. In type II diabetes also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) results from the body cells becoming resistant to insulin or the insulin that is produced in the body is insufficiency (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). The onset of diabetes type II can be characterized by individuals having general weakness, chronic fatigue, malaise and lethargy. Frequent urination i s not unusual and individuals often complain of excessive thirst.Excessive movements in the bowel and unexplained weight loss have been observed among individuals afflicted by the condition (Mayo Clinic, 2009). The individuals suffering from diabetes type II start having blurred vision caused by the alteration in the shape of the lens due to osmotic factors chiefly the elevated levels of blood glucose. Frequent thirst leads to the affected individual taking a lot of fluids. Diabetes type II is known to be a genetic disease although medical causes have been explained (Kilvert & Fox, 2007).There is an observation of an increased risk of developing diabetes type II in families where the parents have the disorder. A mutation in the gene known as the Amyloid Polypeptide gene lead to the early signs of the condition and makes the progress to a more severe diabetes type II condition possible (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). Apart from genetics, the condition can be caused by an alteration in the met abolism and deranged cell processes. Environmental factors have also been blamed to cause diabetes type II particularly some diets and weight (Zieve & Wexler, 2009).Some drugs have been identified to increase the risk of diabetes type II such as the thiazide diuretics, which inhibit the secretion of insulin because of the hypokalemic condition they cause. Thiazides also increase the insulin resistance due to elevated levels of mobilization of free fatty acids (Mayo Clinic, 2009). Other drug agents that can be blamed for drug induced hyperglycemia include beta blockers, somatropin, protease inhibitors, phenothiazines, flouroquinolones, corticosteroids, antipsychotics and calcium channel blockers. Treatment of Diabetes Type IIThe immediate objective of treating diabetes type II is to reduce the elevated levels of blood glucose while the long-term goal of diabetes treatment is the prevention of diabetes-related conditions, which arise after individuals have developed the complication. Diet and exercise remain the primary ways of managing diabetes (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). The afflicted individuals should be able to accurately test and record their levels of blood glucose. The knowledge on what to eat and what medications to use should be well known by people suffering from the disease. The patients should get important information from their doctors.Individuals with diabetes type II are recommended to eat at the same times every day and their meals should be consistent in terms of the type of foods they choose to eat (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). The adherence of the meal intervals and the type of foods eaten help prevent the increase or decrease in the levels of blood sugars. Individuals can plan their meals by eating the right quantity of foods, choosing healthy foods and eating the meals at the required time. Another aspect is the weight management. It has been observed that some people after cutting weight can stop taking medications even when they still have diabe tes.In extreme overweight individuals, bariatric surgery may be recommended. Gastric bypass surgery and laparoscopic gastric banding are some of the weight reduction procedures that can be recommended in the management of diabetes (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). For diabetics, regular physical exercise is imperative (Mayo Clinic, 2009). It has been observed that aerobic exercise carried out regularly can help reduce the levels of blood sugars without the need of any medication. Exercise help to burn any excess fats and calories and therefore individuals with diabetes can easily manage their weight through exercises.Blood pressure and blood flow, which may be seen as a problem in diabetes type II can be improved (Mayo Clinic, 2009). Exercise decreases the insulin resistance in body cells without necessarily having any body loss. The body’s energy level is also said to improve with exercise and the ability to handle stress as well as lowering of tension are some of the benefits of exe rcise. When all the options of exercise and diet have failed, individuals may opt for medications that are prescribed by physicians. The drugs acting against diabetes function to lower the blood sugar levels in a number of ways (Ligaray & Isley, 2010).Physicians may prescribe for patients more than one type of medication because of the different modes of action of the different agents used in diabetes management. The drugs are also prescribed along with insulin when it is required. The drugs used in diabetes treatment are either given intravenously or orally. For instance, biguanides sold as metformin is used to decrease the hepatic production of glucose (Mayo Clinic, 2009). The rationale of biguanides is to make the fat cells, hepatic cells and the muscle cells to absorb more glucose from the bloodstream hence lowering the total blood sugar levels.Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are also important agents that lower the carbohydrate absorption from the digestive tract. This lowers the glucose levels especially after the meals. Sulfonylureas help in triggering the pancreases to produce more insulin and they are administered by oral route (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). Other agents used in diabetes management include the thiazolidinediones, pramlintide and exenatide and meglitinides. Insulin is only prescribes to patients who fail to respond to other methods of disease management such as diet monitoring, exercise and other medications (Mayo Clinic, 2009).In addition, insulin may be recommended for individuals who have poor reactions towards other medications used. Usually, insulin is injected under the skin by the use of an insulin pen device or a syringe. Insulin is never administered orally as proteolytic enzymes in the stomach may act on the hormone hence affecting the efficacy. In diabetes type II, the body cells fail to respond effectively to insulin even when it is present (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). This is typically seen in type II diabetes mellitus where the resist ance is cause by post-receptor derangements.Post-receptor effect implies that the insulin is sufficiently produced but the cells which should physiologically respond to the molecule have a problem recognizing the insulin (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). There is a general observation that the increased glucose production in the liver particularly in inappropriate times contributes to the inability of the body cells to respond to the ligand, insulin (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). This process, the conversion of glycogen to glucose affects the insulin level, which is important in hepatic function.The reduced insulin-dependent glucose transport especially in muscles and adipose tissues also contributes to the problem of diabetes type II. Similarly, there is an impaired function of beta-cells in the early phase of insulin release following the hyperglycemic stimuli. Diabetes type II is a condition which not only affects the regulation glucose levels but also other important body systems such as the i mmune system, renal function, reproductive system and cardiovascular system are largely affected (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). The immune system is hampered among the individuals suffering from diabetes type II.This can be seen in situations where diabetic individuals take a longer healing from the wounds and minor surgical incisions. The incidences of coronary artery complications as well as the arterial diseases are common among the individuals suffering from diabetes type II (Zieve & Wexler, 2009). Renal failure can be the most disturbing complication of diabetes type II where individuals may require dialysis for blood purification (Mayo Clinic, 2009). Diabetes type II has also been identified to be causing erectile dysfunction which can be a major problem in marriages.In general, diabetes type II is a problem which affects a number of body systems and leaves the affected individual and the family members and friends with a great burden. It is a condition of economic importance and effe ctive approach should be directed to its prevention and treatment. The social aspect of the patients and those close to them is affected. Although medications have been developed to manage the condition, effective treatments have not been developed, which can completely treat the problem. This calls for extensive research to come up with ways to manage diabetes type II.